Industrial+Revolution+DCD

Drew Davis  __People and their inventions __  · ** Edmund Cartwright ** – invented power loom (allowed weaving of cloth to catch up with spinning of yarn   · ** Flying shuttle  ** – sped process of weaving on loom and enabled weavers to double their output, this created yarn shortage   · ** Richard Awkwright  ** – water frame spinning machine, powered by water or horse  · ** Samuel Crompton ** – mules and power loom, combined aspects of water frame and spinning jenny, increased yarn production  · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">James Watt **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – repair Newcomen engine, steam pump that made it so facotries did not have to be near river; also drove railroads; used coal <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Thomas Newcomen **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – developed steam pump “atmospheric engine”, inefficient; had to be by river <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Eli Whitney **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – invent Cotton Gin, seeds removed from cotton <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Henry Cort **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – Puddling system, coke burned away impurities in pig iron to produce and iron of high quality <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">George Stephenson **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – // Rocket // (first train for public) used on first public railway line extending from Liverpool to Manchester, 16mph then 20mph <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Slater’s textile mill, ** Interchangeable parts ** Ferry’s arsenal with muskets, railroads, canals, roads, steamboats, poor able to purchase items for cheaper prices <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Factory Conditions and people affected __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Adults: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> fined if late by setting bad example; ** Children: ** “pauper apprentices”, used in factories and mines because of their controllability and small size which helped in mine, made little money and often beaten, Women and Children 2/3 of cotton industry labor; ** Overall: ** hazardous, hot, dirty places to work, Coal and Iron industry worse: bad air, drowning, fires, hard labor, dragged mine carts for miles, long hours <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Factory cities become very smoggy and dirty causing wealthy to live far from factory cities <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Workers live in terrible places and crammed into small apartments <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Much crimes and no or little police <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Working class children expected to work and not get education <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Luddites **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – craftspeople attacked machines that they believed threatened their livelihoods <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Wide separation between rich and poor <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Bourgeoisie class emerge – wealthy middle class; involved in commerce and professions (lawyers, doctors) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Reforms __ <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Edwin Chadwick **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – urban reformer, investigate conditions, Poor Law Commission, // Report on the Condition of the Laboring Population of Great Britain //, improve sanitary conditions, ** // First Public Health Sanitary Systems // ** <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Poor Law Commission **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – report urban life of poor and industry conditions, investigate <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Combination Acts **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – outlaw association of workers in reaction to French Revolutionary, legislation failed to pass twice <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Robert Owen **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – cotton magnate, cooperate rather than competitive living, created “Grand National Constidated Trades Union”, wanted 8 hr work days, soon equaled and surpassed Britain from the interchangeable parts <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Factory Acts **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">– less children work in factories, more jobs for women, limit work hours, children go to school, limited labor for children ages 9-16 to 12hrs a day, employment of children under 9 illegal, only to cotton mills, children 9-13 only to work 8hrs a day and have at least 2hrs of education a day, 13-18 work 12hrs, inspectors had power to fine factories who broke laws <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Ten Hours Act **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – reduced work day for 13-18 year olds and women to 10 hours <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Coal Mines Act **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> – eliminated employment of boys under ten and women in mines, men would benefit from move to restrict factory hours