Luther+and+the+Reformation

Katie Sauer

What were the responses of the Catholic Church to the challenges posed by the Lutheran Reformation?

Luther’s initial ideas · Christian Humanist · Justification: the act by which a person is made deserving of salvation  o Salvation: deliverance from sin and the penalties of sin  · // On the Freedom of a Christian Man //  o “It is faith alone, not good works, which justifies, frees, and brings salvation through Jesus”  · Transubstantiation: priests changing bread and wine to body and blood of Christ  · Sacraments: Certain rites believed to be a means of grace  o Originally Baptism, Eucharist, confirmation, penance, matrimony, anointing of the Sick and holy orders <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; textunderline: none;">Luther wanted to keep only Baptism and Communion <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; textunderline: none;">Spread to Scandinavia, Sweden, Denmark

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Luther’s actions <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; textunderline: none;">Debated with Johann Eyck in the Leipzig Debates <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; textunderline: none;">Looked to for support during the Peasants War <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · // Ninety-Five Theses // : list of 95 things that the Church was doing wrong, posted on church door <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; textunderline: none;">Especially disagreed with Pope’s selling of indulgences (buying your way into Heaven) <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; textunderline: none;">Aroused people, created movement <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; textunderline: none;">Used University of Wittenberg <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">Church’s Response <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; textunderline: none;">Edict of Worms: Luther was made an outlaw, his works were to be burned and Luther himself to be captured and delivered to the emperor <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; textunderline: none;">Luther continued to spread his ideas <span style="display: block; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none; textunderline: none;">Eventually accepted, made a religion (Lutheranism)