James+I+and+the+Glorious+Revolution

Emi Wong

//**Describe and analyze the changes in the role of Parliament in English politics between the succession of James I and the Glorious Revolution.**//

 Thesis: Between the succession of James I and the Glorious Revolution, the Parliament went through several stages where it was ignored by the "divine right" king James I, dissolved all together by Oliver Cromwell, and restored and given back its power by William of Orange after the overthrowing of James II.

Parliament being ignored


 * 1) James I believes in 'divine right' so he doesn't rely upon Parliament
 * 2) Charles I comes to power, tries to run the government without Parliament
 * 3) Parliament passes Petition of Right, which says that ruler needs consent of Parliament in order to pass any law
 * 4) Charles uses Ship Money to collect taxes as revenue to continue ruling without Parliament
 * 5) After he marries Henrietta Maria who is Catholic, he tries to change the Scottish hymn book, which results in a war
 * 6) The war forces him to call Parliament
 * 7) Long Parliament is the first session that has been called in years because Charles had avoided it for so long
 * 8) The session had lasted about 20 years, figuring out ways to limit the king's power
 * 9) It developed the Triennial Act, which said that Parliament is to have mandatory meetings once every 3 years
 * 10) Eventually, the Parliament splits with Charles I and declares war on him

Parliament dissolved


 * 1) Oliver Cromwell governs as "lord Protector" upon execution of Charles I
 * 2) He removed all Presbyterians from Parliament, thus creating a Rump Parliament
 * 3) Cromwell basically dissolves Parliament all together

Restoration of Parliament


 * 1) Charles II (1660), the son of Charles I, became king
 * 2) Cavalier Parliament is formed (since old Parliament dissolved by Cromwell)
 * 3) James II (Catholic) took over the throne
 * 4) Tories, despite James II being Catholic, believed that Parliament should not interfere with the succession of the throne
 * 5) Noblemen wrote a letter to William of Orange (Stadholder of Netherlands)
 * 6) Netherlands were at war with Louis XIV of France and needed economic resources of England
 * 7) William and James II's daughter Mary invade England and chase James II out of power without bloodshed, thus it was a Glorious Revolution
 * 8) William and Mary sign the Bill of Rights which affirmed Parliament's right to make laws and levy taxes