Unification+of+Italy

Joanna Cheng


 * Background Info:**
 * Mazzini
 * Risorgimento: favored republican Italy; looked to confederation of Italian states under direction of pope—failed
 * Piedmont: State leading Italian Unification
 * Royal house of Savoy; King Emmanuel II; named Count Cavour as prime minister
 * Cavour
 * Made fortune in agriculture, banking, railroads and shipping
 * Admired British—especially Parliamentary system, industrial techniques and economic liberalism—favored constitutional government
 * Administer Italian Unification
 * Fostered Piedmont’s economy and poured money into military
 * Garibaldi
 * 1, 000 Red Shirts—guerilla warfare
 * Helped conquer Two Sicilies and Papal States (not Rome)


 * Italian Unification: **
 * Royal house of Savoy ruled kingdom of Piedmont, also included island of Sardinia—assume leading role in unifying Italy
 * King Victor Emmanuel II named Count Camillo di Cavour as prime minister
 * Cavour: liberal-minded nobleman who had made a fortune in agriculture and more money in banking, railroads and shipping
 * Pursued policy of economic expansion; building of roads, canals and railroads; expanding credit and stimulating investment in new industries; enabled Cavour to pour money into equipping large army w/ subsequent increases in government revenue
 * Came to agreement w/ French; allied w/ Italy if war could be justified in the eyes of the public opinion
 * Once Austrians out, Piedmont would be extended into kingdom of Upper Italy by adding Lombardy, Venetia, Parma, Modena and part of Papal States to territory
 * France receive Piedmontese provinces of Nice and Savoy; kingdom of Central Italy would be created for Napoleon III’s cousin, Prince Napoleon who would be married to younger daughter of King Victor Emmanuel
 * France withdrew prematurely—Piedmont received only Lombardy; Venetia remained under Austrian rule
 * Northern Italian states (Parma, Modena, Tuscany and part of Papal States) taken over by nationalists—Napoleon agreed to annexations in exchange for Nice and Savoy
 * Giuseppe Garibaldi—dedicated Italian patriot
 * He and his Red Shirts invaded Naples and Two Sicilies—invaded Papal States, bypassed Rome and moved into kingdom of Naples
 * Austro-Prussian War—Italians sided w/ Prussia and won Venetia
 * Franco-Prussian War—French withdrew from city of Rome
 * Italians annexed city on September 20, 1870; new capital

Sources: AP Achiever, []